Assessing students accurately and fairly is a task that can be very challenging. However, the way for which I handle predicaments similar to this one is assess students according to both their ability and performance. Meaning, if a student has the ability to master the content, my expectations is for them to pay attention during instruction, practice the skill receive teacher feedback, do some peer work/collaboration, and then be able to work independently to exemplify their mastery of the content. In which, they will receive the grade for which they earn. In contrast, those students who have been identified as having a learning disability or learn at a slower pace and can't perform on grade level, I wouldn't grade them solely on accuracy but their performance and proof of them at least putting forth an effort to complete the work.

Neither student should receive any special treatment. Student A and B should be assessed the same as students C and D based on this situation without any other background knowledge on the situation.

Grading must be done according to mastery of standards. Id student A is still not meeting standards, it is important for grades to reflect that. Unfortunately, grading based on individual traits would be too subjective. What if you passed Student A and then they did not do well on standardized testing, for example? Parents would be confused as to why their grades are vastly different.

I believe speaking to Student A and Student B's parents would help. Have a conversation with student A's parents and admin to see what kind of accommodations can be made to help them succeed. I'd speak with students B's parents and let them know that this student has the capability to succeed but chooses not to. I believe neither student should get special privileges but student A can be rewarded for the hard work they put in towards school. Maybe if student B saw that rewards are given to students who turn in assignments student B will work harder to succeed.

It may be helpful for the teacher to offer extra credit, but leave it to his/her discretion as to who deserves this extra credit. Making students turn in a certain percentage of assignments to receive extra credit might be a good idea.

Differentiate instruction for both students in each lesson to ensure they are grasping the lesson.

I think student a both should be evaluated to see if their is a learning disability. However, I don't think that it fair to have the same privileges especially if one of the students has a learning disability.

It is not fair for Student B to receive a passing grade if they're not doing their in class work and it also isn't fair to fail student A who seems to be working hard but just not meeting the standards. To help with Student A, modify the curriculum to help them meet those standards and provide accommodations. For Student B, have a meeting with their parents to keep them in the loop about their student not completing work. If the student continues, tell them that they may possibly be retained if they do not start doing work.

Grading must be done according to mastery of standards. Id student A is still not meeting standards, it is important for grades to reflect that. Unfortunately, grading based on individual traits would be too subjective. What if you passed Student A and then they did not do well on standardized testing, for example? Parents would be confused as to why their grades are vastly different.

I would suggest grading them by their individual growth and ability. If a student is not showing growth they should not receive the same grade as a student who is working hard and showing growth. Each students grade should be based on their individual level.

I dont think that any student should receive any special treatments for grading, they should be graded by what they have done, just like the rest of the class.

Student A should know whether assignments are due or not. Student B is consistently trying and continues. I would pass both if I were to choose. Students should all get the same privileges because it is not ethical for a teacher to do so. But if I were to choose student B would pass because not everyone is a great test taker.